UPSC GS paper 3 has economics, and the first thing which is there in sconomics is Banks. Banks implies the financial institution that takes public deposits and extends credit to those who need it. They are a substantial part of the financial system, which assists in the overall economic development. These are broadly classified as scheduled and non-scheduled banks in India regulated under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, wherein scheduled banks include all the commercial banks like nationalised, foreign, development, cooperative and regional rural banks.

TOPICS

  • Definition of Scheduled Banks

  • Definition of non - scheduled banks

  • Difference between Scheduled and Non Scheduled banks

DEFINITION OF SCHEDULED BANK

Scheduled Banks as the name suggest are the banks, which are accounted in the Second Schedule of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Act, 1934. To qualify as a scheduled bank, the bank should conform to the following conditions:

  • The total minimum value of paid up capital and reserve must be of Rs. 5 lacs.

  • The bank requires to satisfy the central bank that its affairs are not carried out in a way that causes harm to the interest of the depositors.

  • The bank needs to be a corporation rather than a sole-proprietorship or partnership firm.

Scheduled banks enjoy certain rights such as:

  • Right to receive refinance facility from the apex bank
  • Entitled for currency chest facility.
  • Right to become members of clearing house

However, they are required to fulfil certain obligations like maintenance of an average daily balance of CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio) with the central bank at the rates specified by it. Add to that; these banks need to submit returns at regular intervals, to the central bank subject to the rules of Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 and Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

DEFINITION OF NON - SCHEDULED BANK

  • Non-Scheduled Bank refers to the banks which are not listed in the Second Schedule of Reserve Bank of India.

  • In finer terms, the banks which do not comply with the provisions specified by the central bank, within the meaning of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, or as per specific functions, etc. or as per the judgement of the RBI, are not able to serve and protect the depositor’s interest, are known as non-scheduled banks.

  • Non-Scheduled Banks are also required to maintain the cash reserve requirement, not with the RBI, but with themselves. These are local area banks.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCHEDULED BANK & NON - SCHEDULED BANK

  • A banking corporation whose paid up capital is Rs. 5 lacs or more and does not harm the interest of the depositors, is called as Scheduled bank. Unlike, non-scheduled banks are the banks which are not capable of complying with the provision of RBI, for scheduled banks.

  • Scheduled banks are the ones covered in the second schedule of the Reserve Bank, whereas non-scheduled banks are the banks that are not covered in the second schedule of the Reserve Bank.

  • Scheduled Banks need to maintain cash reserves with RBI, at the rates prescribed by it. On the other hand, Non-Scheduled Bank also needs to keep cash reserves, but with themselves only.

  • Scheduled banks are entitled to borrow money from the central bank for regular banking purposes. Conversely, non-scheduled banks are not entitled to borrow money from the central bank for regular banking purposes. Nevertheless, under abnormal conditions, they can request the central bank for accommodation.

  • Scheduled banks must submit the periodic returns to the Reserve bank of India. As against, there is no such requirement of submission of periodic returns to the central bank, in case of non-scheduled banks.

  • Scheduled banks have the right to become the member in clearing house, while no such facility is allowed to non-scheduled banks.

Privileges for scheduled banks is more than that for non-scheduled banks. Scheduled banks get remittances through the offices of the Reserve Bank of India and its agents, for free or at concessional rates. Moreover, borrowing facilities by Central Bank on the submission of the documents. Such facilities are not provided to the non-scheduled banks. Click here to read more articles on Banking